By Allan Bowditch, President, Engage Estero.

Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects how individuals communicate, interact socially, and perceive the world. It is called a “spectrum” because it encompasses many traits and challenges that vary significantly from person to person.

Core Characteristics of Autism:

Social Communication Differences.

1. Difficulty with verbal and nonverbal communication (e.g., understanding tone of voice, facial expressions, body language).
2. Challenges with back-and-forth conversations or understanding social norms.
3. Some individuals may be non-verbal but can still communicate through other means (like devices or gestures).

Repetitive Behaviors and Restricted Interests:

1. Repetitive movements (like hand-flapping or rocking).
2. Intense focus on specific topics or routines.
3. Distress when routines or environments change.

Sensory Sensitivities:

1. Heightened or reduced sensitivity to stimuli (light, sound, touch, taste, etc.).
2. Sensory overload in busy environments.

Diagnosis and Onset:

1. Typically diagnosed in early childhood, though some are diagnosed later, especially in cases where traits are more subtle.
2. Diagnosis is based on behavioral evaluations—no single medical test exists.

Causes:

The exact cause of autism is unknown.

It’s believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Vaccines do not cause it—a claim thoroughly debunked by scientific research.

Support and Management:

There is no “cure,” but early support and interventions (like speech therapy, occupational therapy, or behavioral therapy) can significantly improve quality of life.

Many autistic people live independently and thrive with proper support.

Incidence:

As of the most recent data (2024 from the CDC), the estimated incidence of autism in the United States is approximately 1 in 31 children. This indicates a steady increase in diagnoses over the past two decades.

Why Is Autism Diagnosed More Frequently Now?

The rise in autism diagnoses doesn’t necessarily mean that more people are developing autism—it’s more about better recognition and broader definitions. Here are the key reasons:

1. Expanded Diagnostic Criteria

The definition of autism has broadened significantly. Previously separate conditions (like Asperger’s syndrome and PDD-NOS) are now grouped under the umbrella of autism spectrum disorder. This change, formalized in the DSM-5 in 2013, increased the number of people who qualify for a diagnosis.

2. Increased Awareness

Public awareness has grown, leading parents, teachers, and doctors to recognize early signs and seek evaluations. There’s also more media coverage and advocacy, reducing stigma and encouraging families to seek help.

3. Better Access to Services and Screenings

Schools and pediatricians now conduct more routine developmental screenings. Early intervention programs often require a diagnosis, so more families pursue evaluation.

4. Changes in Reporting and Data Collection

Improved tracking and more inclusive data collection methods by agencies like the CDC have contributed to higher reported rates.

5. Environmental and Genetic Factors (Less Clear)

There’s ongoing research into whether environmental exposures during pregnancy (e.g., air pollution, advanced parental age) contribute modestly to risk. However, no single cause has been identified, and genetics is thought to play a significant role in most cases.

Disclaimer

Engage Estero provides information as a service to our readers and is not intending to provide individual medical advice. Always consult with medical professionals or emergency services before changing or initiating medical treatment..